Police have admitted acting unlawfully in arresting a trainee Baptist minister who called out “Who elected him?” at a local proclamation of the accession of King Charles III.

After a two-and-a-half-year battle, Symon Hill, 47, has been paid £2,500 in compensation from Thames Valley police over his arrest in September 2022.

Hill had been returning home from his church in Oxford on a Sunday morning, three days after the death of Queen Elizabeth II, when he found his way blocked by a procession to proclaim King Charles.

He asked local police officers how he could avoid the crowds and mentioned in conversation that he disagreed with the veneration of an unelected head of state.

“They got a bit defensive about it,” said Hill. “One asked, ‘Why are you here if you don’t agree with it?’ I was just going home.”

Charles was then declared our “only” king and “rightful liege lord”.

“Who elected him?” Hill called out from the back of the crowd.

A couple of people told Hill to shut up and he responded that a head of state was being imposed without the country’s explicit consent.

Three security guards appeared and ordered Hill to be quiet. He said he argued back at which point a number of police officers “swooped in”.

Hill was handcuffed and led away, as strangers challenged the right of the police to detain someone for voicing an opinion even if it was one with which they disagreed.

In police body-worn camera footage shared during the legal challenge, officers are heard saying: “But we do need to fine or de-arrest as we will get a complaint off the back of this.”

Hill was subsequently released but later asked to voluntarily attend a police station. “I was made aware then that it wasn’t so voluntary so I did go to the police station,” he said.

He was ultimately charged under the Public Order Act with “threatening or abusive words or behaviour”.

The charges were dropped on 5 January 2023 by the Crown Prosecution Service due to insufficient evidence.

Hill, who is a chaplain at Aston University in Birmingham, said he had been “surprised” by the entire affair and by the two-and-a-half years it had taken for the police to admit their mistake.

He said: “Opposing the monarchy is not a crime. I’m very conscious that most people who are wrongly arrested are not able to take legal action.

“This is not just about me. It never has been. It is about the rights of all people to dissent, to express their views, to refuse to bow down, to assert the dignity and equality of all human beings.

“With the vague anti-protest laws as they are, anybody could face arrest for expressing an opinion in a public space. The law must be changed and the police must be held to account.”

Hill, who has a history of peace activism and protest, was supported in his legal action by the National Council for Civil Liberties, also known as Liberty.

Katy Watts, a lawyer at Liberty, said: “We must be able to raise our voices on the issues that matter to us. A functioning democracy relies on the ability to voice different opinions and discuss them in public spaces. Symon’s wrongful arrest shows how broad anti-protest laws are shutting down people’s freedom of expression.

“We must urgently see a review of the broad anti-protest legislation to ensure that what happened to Symon cannot be allowed to happen again.”

Thames Valley police’s deputy chief constable, Ben Snuggs, said: “Thames Valley police has settled a claim with Mr Hill and has accepted that the grounds of the offence for which he was arrested were unlawful.

“Public order and public safety operations are a key part of policing and it’s important we use these circumstances to help shape our future response.”