By Unknown Artist c. 1580Original version of a 1620 painting – https://bjws.blogspot.co.uk/2015/09/today-in-1066-william-conqueror-invades.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61620351
Nine royal houses have ruled England since the Norman Conquest in 1066 and all of them have made their mark. But eight have seen their power pass elsewhere. The Conqueror’s crown passed to another dynasty within a century of his victory at Hastings – what happened to the House of Norman?
The House of Norman
The dynasty had come to power in England in 1066 following
the famous victory of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. He had
revolutionised the administration of his new kingdom and set about changing its
very fabric with the imposition of a fresh ruling class.
His throne had passed to two of his sons in turn with
William II and Henry I both enjoying successful reigns. But Henry had died
without a male heir and his nephew, Stephen, had claimed the crown, the
beginning of the end of the House of Norman.
The Last King
Stephen of Blois, grandson of the Conqueror, became King of
England in 1135 with an apparent groundswell of support but challenges to his
rule soon appeared on all sides. He proved to be weak, granting concessions
which exposed his lack of control, while his relationship with the church
proved complex.
His ineffectual rule gave fuel to the growing push to put
Henry’s daughter, Matilda, on the throne and England descended into a civil war
known as the Anarchy.
Matilda briefly claimed the title ‘Lady of the English’ but
it was her son, Henry, who established supremacy in this cousins’ war. By 1153,
with his own eldest son dead, Stephen negotiated a peace which would see the throne
pass to Henry, head of the House of Plantagenet.
The Last Queen
Stephen’s wife, Matilda, would have been less than
impressed. She had proved to be a far more effective politician and military
strategist than her husband, winning decisive battles in the war for the crown
and negotiating his release when he was captured by his enemies.
However, Matilda died in 1152 and within a year, her husband
had promised the throne to their rival dynasty.
The Fall
King Stephen died on October 25th 1154 at Dover Priory in Kent and Henry began the journey from France to England to claim the crown. His accession marked the end of the House of Norman in England and the start of Plantagenet rule.
Lydia Starbuck is a pen name of June Woolerton who has written extensively on royal history. Her book, A History of Royal Jubilees, is available now. She is also the author of a popular cosy mystery, All Manner of Murder.